词典

来自博客的 AI 与 IT 术语词典。每条含简短定义，并在有相关文章时附上链接。

0-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

0-9

2FA

Two-Factor Authentication — 双重身份验证

A

A2A

Agent-to-Agent — AI 代理之间互相调用的协议

ABAC

Attribute-Based Access Control — 基于属性的访问控制

ABM

Account-Based Marketing — 基于客户的营销

abstraction tax

cost of extra framework layers vs direct code

ACL

Access Control List — 访问控制列表

Active Directory

Microsoft directory for users, groups, and access policies — 微软的用户、组与访问策略目录服务

ad-hoc

one-off, without a reusable system

agent mode

mode where the tool acts as an autonomous agent

agentic

agent-like autonomous multi-step behavior — 类似代理的多步自主行为

agentic workflows

multi-step flows where an AI agent plans and acts — 由 AI 代理规划并执行的多步流程

AHT

Average Handle Time — 平均处理时长

AI Overview

Google AI summary box above classic search results — 谷歌在传统结果上方的 AI 摘要框

AI Overviews

Google AI summary box above classic search results — 谷歌在传统结果上方的 AI 摘要框

aiogram

async Python framework for Telegram bots — 用于 Telegram 机器人的异步 Python 框架

air-gap

physical or logical isolation from the public internet — 与公网的物理或逻辑隔离

air-gapped

network fully isolated from the public internet — 与公网完全隔离的网络

Airtable

spreadsheet-database hybrid for lightweight apps — 表格与数据库结合的轻量应用工具

AJAX

Asynchronous JavaScript and XML — 异步 JavaScript 和 XML

amoCRM

CRM popular in CIS markets for sales pipelines — 独联体市场常见的销售漏斗 CRM

ANN

Approximate Nearest Neighbor — 向量空间中的近似最近邻搜索

AOV

Average Order Value — 平均订单价值

API

Application Programming Interface — 应用程序编程接口

API key

secret token that authenticates API callers — 用于验证 API 调用方的密钥

API keys

secret tokens that authenticate API callers — 用于验证 API 调用方的密钥

app market

marketplace of apps/extensions

app store

store of apps for a platform

approval flow

multi-step review and approval process — 多步骤审核与批准流程

approval-flow

multi-step review and approval process — 多步骤审核与批准流程

ARR

Annual Recurring Revenue — 年度经常性收入

ASR

Automatic Speech Recognition — 自动语音识别

audit log

chronologically recorded trail of who did what — 记录谁在何时做了什么的审计日志

audit trail

verifiable history of actions and changes — 可核验的操作与变更历史

B

B2B

Business to Business — 企业对企业

B2C

Business to Consumer — 企业对消费者

backend

server-side logic, APIs and data layer — 服务端逻辑、API 与数据层

backoff

growing wait between retries after failures — 失败后重试间隔逐渐加长

backup

copy kept for recovery

bare metal

dedicated physical server hardware

baseline

reference measurement before changes

Business Intelligence — 商业智能

big bang

one-shot cutover to the new system at a single moment — 在同一时刻一次性切换到新系统

Bitrix24

suite with CRM, tasks, chat, and site tools — 含 CRM、任务、聊天与建站工具的套件

Black Friday

peak retail shopping day

blue-green

two identical environments; switch traffic between them — 两套相同环境，通过切换流量发布

boilerplate

repetitive starter code copied with little change — 几乎原样复制的重复样板代码

brand graph

graph of brand entities and relations

breaking changes

updates that break existing clients or integrations — 会破坏现有客户端或集成的不兼容变更

broker

message broker between producers and consumers

bus factor

how many people must leave before a project stalls — 多少人离开后项目就会停摆

BYOK

bring your own API key

byok

bring your own API key

C

CAC

customer acquisition cost

canonical URL

preferred page URL that search engines should index — 搜索引擎应收录的页面首选 URL

canvas

visual editor canvas for flows or layouts — 编辑器中的可视化画布

CAPEX

Capital Expenditure — 资本支出

care plan

ongoing support/maintenance plan

CCPA

California Consumer Privacy Act — 加州消费者隐私法案

CDC

Change Data Capture — 变更数据捕获

CDN

Content Delivery Network — 内容分发网络

CDP

Customer Data Platform — 客户数据平台

Celery

Python task queue for background jobs — Python 后台任务队列

CES

Customer Effort Score — 客户努力程度评分

chain-of-thought

step-by-step reasoning before the final answer — 模型给出最终答案前的分步推理

chatbot

conversational bot interface

child theme

WordPress theme that safely overrides a parent theme — 安全覆盖父主题的 WordPress 子主题

Chroma

open-source embedding database for RAG apps — 面向 RAG 应用的开源向量库

chunk

small text piece indexed for retrieval — 用于检索的小段文本

chunking

splitting documents into retrieval-friendly pieces — 将文档切分为便于检索的片段

chunks

small text pieces indexed for retrieval — 用于检索的小段文本

churn

customer/user attrition

CI/CD

Continuous Integration / Continuous Delivery — 持续集成与持续交付

circuit breaker

switch that stops calling a failing dependency for a while — 熔断器：暂时停止调用持续失败的依赖

citation accuracy

citations point to the right place

CLI

Command Line Interface — 命令行界面

CLS

Cumulative Layout Shift — 累积布局偏移

CMS

Content Management System — 内容管理系统

code review

peer check of a change before it is merged — 合并前由同事检查代码改动

COGS

Cost of Goods Sold — 销售成本

Confluence

Atlassian wiki for team documentation — Atlassian 团队文档 Wiki

consumer

queue/stream consumer

contact form

web form for inbound messages

containerization

packaging apps into portable containers — 将应用打包为可移植容器

context window

maximum text a model can process at once — 模型一次能处理的最大文本量

control plane

plane that manages and configures the system

Core Web Vitals

Google metrics for loading, interactivity, and visual stability — 谷歌衡量加载、交互与布局稳定性的指标

CORS

Cross-Origin Resource Sharing — 跨域资源共享规则

cosine similarity

score of how close two vectors point in the same direction — 衡量两个向量方向有多接近

CPA

Cost Per Acquisition — 每次获客成本

CPC

Cost Per Click — 每次点击成本

CPM

Cost Per Mille — 千次展示成本

CPQ

Configure, Price, Quote — 配置、定价、报价

crawl budget

how many URLs a crawler will fetch

CRM

Customer Relationship Management — 客户关系管理

CRO

Conversion Rate Optimization — 转化率优化

cross-encoder

rerank model that scores query and document together — 把查询与文档一起打分的重排模型

CSAT

Customer Satisfaction Score — 客户满意度评分

CSP

Content Security Policy — 内容安全策略

CSRF

Cross-Site Request Forgery — 跨站请求伪造

CTA

Call To Action — 行动号召

CTR

Click-Through Rate — 点击率

cutover

moment when traffic switches to the new system — 流量切换到新系统的时刻

Computer Vision — 计算机视觉

CVE

Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures — 通用漏洞披露

CVSS

Common Vulnerability Scoring System — 通用漏洞评分系统

CWV

Core Web Vitals — 核心 Web 指标

D

daemon

background system process

dashboard

metrics/status panel

DAST

Dynamic Application Security Testing — 动态应用安全测试

data pipeline

automated flow that moves and transforms data — 自动搬运与转换数据的流水线

data residency

requirement to keep data in a specific country/region — 数据必须存放在特定国家/地区的要求

data warehouse

central store of cleaned historical data for analytics — 面向分析的清洗后历史数据集中仓库

DAU

Daily Active Users — 日活跃用户

DBMS

Database Management System — 数据库管理系统

DDoS

Distributed Denial of Service — 分布式拒绝服务攻击

dead letter

queue for messages that failed processing repeatedly — 多次处理失败后进入的死信队列

definition of done

checklist that marks work complete

DevOps

Development and Operations — 开发运维一体化

DIY

Do It Yourself — 自己动手

DKIM

DomainKeys Identified Mail — 域名密钥识别邮件

Deep Learning — 深度学习

DLP

Data Loss Prevention — 数据防泄漏

DMARC

Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting and Conformance — 基于域的消息认证

DMP

Data Management Platform — 数据管理平台

DNS

Domain Name System — 域名系统

downtime

period when the service is unavailable

DPA

Data Processing Agreement — 数据处理协议

DPIA

Data Protection Impact Assessment — 数据保护影响评估

dry run

rehearsal migration without switching production — 不切换生产环境的试迁移

dry-run

rehearsal migration without switching production — 不切换生产环境的试迁移

DWH

Data Warehouse — 数据仓库

E

e-commerce

online selling of goods or services — 通过互联网销售商品或服务

E-E-A-T

Experience, Expertise, Authoritativeness, Trustworthiness — 经验、专业、权威与可信（谷歌质量信号）

EBITDA

Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization — 息税折旧摊销前利润

edge case

rare input or scenario that breaks the happy path — 会打断主成功路径的罕见输入或场景

edge cases

rare inputs or scenarios that break the happy path — 会打断主成功路径的罕见输入或场景

EDI

Electronic Data Interchange — 电子数据交换

EDR

Endpoint Detection and Response — 端点检测与响应

EEAT

Experience, Expertise, Authoritativeness, Trustworthiness — 经验、专业、权威与可信（谷歌质量信号）

Eloquent

Laravel ORM for database access — Laravel 的数据库 ORM

embed

embedded snippet or integration

embedding

numeric vector that captures text meaning — 表示文本语义的数值向量

embeddings

numeric vectors that capture text meaning — 表示文本语义的数值向量

endpoint

specific API URL that accepts requests — 接受请求的具体 API 地址

EOL

end of life / end of support

ERP

Enterprise Resource Planning — 企业资源规划

ESP

Email Service Provider — 邮件服务提供商

ETL

Extract, Transform, Load — 提取、转换、加载

evals

quality checks and test suites for model outputs

F

FaaS

Function as a Service — 函数即服务

fair-code

source-available license with commercial use limits — 源码可见但限制商业使用的许可

faithfulness

how well an answer sticks to the retrieved sources — 回答是否忠实于检索到的来源

fallback

backup path used when the primary option fails — 主路径失败时使用的备用方案

FAQ

Frequently Asked Questions — 常见问题

FastAPI

modern Python framework for APIs — 现代 Python API 框架

FCR

First Contact Resolution — 首次接触解决率

feature flag

switch that turns a feature on/off without redeploy — 无需重新部署即可开关功能的开关

feature flags

toggles to enable features gradually

few-shot

prompting with a few examples — 在提示中加入少量示例

Filament

Laravel admin panel builder — Laravel 管理后台构建工具

fine-tune

train a model further on domain data — 在领域数据上进一步训练模型

fine-tuning

additional training of a model on domain data — 在领域数据上进一步训练模型

frontend

client-side UI of a site or app — 站点或应用的客户端界面

FTE

full-time equivalent headcount

FTP

File Transfer Protocol — 文件传输协议

full-time

full work capacity

function calling

model returning structured calls to functions — 模型返回结构化的函数调用

G

GDPR

General Data Protection Regulation — 通用数据保护条例

generative engine optimization

optimizing content to appear in AI search answers — 优化内容以便出现在生成式搜索回答中

generative engines

AI search/answer engines

GEO

Generative Engine Optimization — 面向生成式搜索引擎回答的优化

glue

integration layer that connects systems without owning business logic — 连接系统、本身不含业务逻辑的粘合层

glue code

thin code that only connects systems and APIs — 只负责把系统与 API 粘在一起的衔接代码

glue-code

thin code that only connects systems and APIs — 只负责把系统与 API 粘在一起的衔接代码

GMV

Gross Merchandise Value — 商品交易总额

GPT

Generative Pre-trained Transformer — 生成式预训练变换模型系列

GPU

Graphics Processing Unit — 图形处理器

GraphQL

query language for APIs with a typed schema — 带类型模式的 API 查询语言

GraphRAG

RAG that combines graph relations with vector search — 结合图关系与向量搜索的 RAG

greenfield

new project built from scratch, no legacy constraints — 从零开始、没有遗留包袱的新项目

grounding

answers anchored to sources

gRPC

high-performance RPC framework over HTTP/2 — 基于 HTTP/2 的高性能 RPC 框架

GSC

Google Search Console

GTM

Google Tag Manager — 谷歌标签管理器

guardrails

rules and filters that keep AI outputs safe and on-policy — 约束 AI 输出安全合规的规则与过滤

GUI

Graphical User Interface — 图形用户界面

H

High Availability — 高可用性

hallucination

model invents unsupported facts

handoff

pass control to a human agent

happy path

main success scenario without errors or edge cases — 不含错误与边界情况的主成功路径

hardening

security baseline: updates, least privilege, locked configs — 安全加固：更新、最小权限、锁定配置

headless

backend CMS/API without a built-in public frontend — 没有内置前台的 CMS/API

HIPAA

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act — 健康保险流通与责任法案

hit rate

share of requests served from cache — 由缓存命中服务的请求占比

hit-rate

share of requests served from cache — 由缓存命中服务的请求占比

horizontal scaling

scale by adding more instances

how-to

step-by-step instructional content

HSM

Hardware Security Module — 硬件安全模块

HSTS

HTTP Strict Transport Security — HTTP 严格传输安全

HTTPS

HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure — 安全超文本传输协议

HubSpot

CRM and marketing platform for inbound growth — 面向获客增长的 CRM 与营销平台

human review

manual check by a person

human-in-the-loop

human approval before risky agent actions — 高风险操作前的人工确认

hybrid search

keyword plus vector search together

I

IaaS

Infrastructure as a Service — 基础设施即服务

IAM

Identity and Access Management — 身份与访问管理

IDE

Integrated Development Environment — 集成开发环境

idempotency

repeating a request does not change the outcome again — 重复请求不会再次改变结果

idempotent

safe to repeat without duplicate side effects — 可安全重复且不会产生重复副作用

if-then

conditional if → then rule

iframe

embedded HTML frame

IMAP

Internet Message Access Protocol — 互联网消息访问协议

in-house

done by the company's own team

Inertia

bridge between Laravel backend and Vue/React frontend — 连接 Laravel 后端与 Vue/React 前端

inference

running a trained model to get predictions — 运行已训练模型得到预测结果

INP

Interaction to Next Paint — 交互到下次绘制

intent

user intent in a dialog

IOPS

Input/Output Operations Per Second — 每秒输入/输出操作数

IoT

Internet of Things — 物联网

iPaaS

Integration Platform as a Service — 集成平台即服务

IRR

Internal Rate of Return — 内部收益率

J

Jira

Atlassian tool for issues, sprints, and delivery tracking — Atlassian 的事务、冲刺与交付跟踪工具

JIT

Just In Time — 准时制

JSON Schema

spec that describes and validates JSON structure — 描述并校验 JSON 结构的规范

JSON-LD

JSON for Linking Data — 供搜索引擎使用的结构化数据 JSON 格式

JWT

JSON Web Token — JSON Web 令牌

K

knowledge base

structured repository of answers/docs

knowledge graph

network of entities and relations for structured facts — 用实体与关系组织结构化事实的网络

KPI

Key Performance Indicator — 关键绩效指标

L

landing page

page built for a single conversion goal

landing pages

pages built for conversion goals

LangChain

framework for building LLM applications — 构建大语言模型应用的框架

LangGraph

framework for stateful AI agent workflows — 有状态 AI 代理工作流框架

latency

delay before a response arrives — 收到响应前的延迟

Load Balancer — 负载均衡器

LCP

Largest Contentful Paint — 最大内容绘制

lead scoring

ranking leads by likelihood to buy — 按成交可能性给线索打分排序

least privilege

grant only the minimum needed access

Let's Encrypt

free automated TLS certificate authority — 免费自动签发 TLS 证书的机构

Lighthouse

Chrome audit for performance, accessibility, and SEO — Chrome 的性能、无障碍与 SEO 审计

Livewire

Laravel library for dynamic interfaces without SPA — 无需 SPA 的 Laravel 动态界面库

LlamaIndex

framework for connecting LLMs to private data — 将 LLM 连接到私有数据的框架

LLM

Large Language Model — 大语言模型

LLM API

HTTP API to call a large language model — 调用大语言模型的 HTTP 接口

LM Studio

desktop app to download and chat with local LLMs — 下载并与本地大模型对话的桌面应用

lock-in

hard to leave a vendor or stack without costly rewrite — 离开供应商或技术栈需要昂贵重写

long context

model that can take a very large prompt in one go — 一次能接受很长提示词的模型

long polling

client waits on an open request until the server has news — 客户端保持请求打开直到服务端有消息

long-context

model that can take a very large prompt in one go — 一次能接受很长提示词的模型

LoRA

Low-Rank Adaptation — 低秩适配

low-code

building apps mostly visually, with some custom code — 以可视化为主、少量自定义代码搭应用

LTS

long-term support release

LTV

lifetime value of a customer

M

Mailchimp

email marketing and audience automation platform — 邮件营销与受众自动化平台

managed VPS

VPS where the provider handles OS updates and basics — 由服务商负责系统和基础维护的 VPS

MAP

Marketing Automation Platform — 营销自动化平台

marketing hub

marketing CRM hub/module

MAU

Monthly Active Users — 月活跃用户

MCP

Model Context Protocol — 模型上下文协议

MDM

Master Data Management — 主数据管理

Memcached

in-memory key-value cache for fast lookups — 内存键值缓存，加速读取

MFA

Multi-Factor Authentication — 多因素认证

middleware

code layer between request and business logic — 请求与业务逻辑之间的中间层

Machine Learning — 机器学习

mobile-first

design and CSS start from the phone layout upward — 设计与 CSS 先按手机布局再向上扩展

MRR

Monthly Recurring Revenue — 月度经常性收入

MSA

Master Service Agreement — 主服务协议

mu-plugin

WordPress must-use plugin loaded for every site — 每个站点都会加载的 WordPress 强制插件

mu-plugins

WordPress must-use plugins loaded for every site — 每个站点都会加载的 WordPress 强制插件

multi-hop

multi-step retrieval or reasoning

multi-tenant

shared platform with isolated customer data per tenant — 共享平台且各租户数据隔离

multitenancy

architecture where one app instance serves many isolated tenants — 一个应用实例服务多个隔离租户

must-have

required capability or requirement

MVP

Minimum Viable Product — 最小可行产品

N

N+1

N+1 query problem — 反模式：一次查询后再对关联数据查 N 次

n+1

N+1 query problem — 反模式：一次查询后再对关联数据查 N 次

n8n

open-source workflow automation platform — 开源工作流自动化平台

NDA

non-disclosure agreement

NLG

Natural Language Generation — 自然语言生成

NLP

Natural Language Processing — 自然语言处理

NLU

Natural Language Understanding — 自然语言理解

no-code

building apps with visual tools, little or no programming — 用可视化工具少写或不写代码来搭应用

NoSQL

Not Only SQL — 非关系型数据库

NPS

Net Promoter Score — 净推荐值

NPV

Net Present Value — 净现值

O

OAuth

Open Authorization — 开放授权

object cache

fast store for computed objects (often Redis/Memcached) — 缓存计算结果对象的快速存储（常为 Redis/Memcached）

observability

logs, metrics and traces to understand system behavior — 通过日志、指标和链路理解系统行为

OCR

Optical Character Recognition — 光学字符识别

off-site

SEO signals from other sites (links, mentions) — 来自其他站点的 SEO 信号（外链、提及）

OIDC

OpenID Connect

OKR

Objectives and Key Results — 目标与关键成果

OLA

Operational Level Agreement — 运营级别协议

OLAP

Online Analytical Processing — 在线分析处理

Ollama

tool to run local open-weight LLMs on your machine — 在本地运行开源权重大模型的工具

OLTP

Online Transaction Processing — 在线事务处理

on-call

rotation where engineers respond to incidents outside office hours — 工程师在非工作时间轮值响应事故

on-prem

software hosted in your own infrastructure — 部署在自有机房而非厂商云上

on-premise

software hosted in your own infrastructure — 部署在自有机房而非厂商云上

Open Graph

meta tags that control link previews in social apps — 控制社交分享链接预览的元标签

open source

software with publicly available source code — 源代码公开的软件

open weights

model weights you can download and run yourself — 可下载并自行运行的模型权重

open-source

software with publicly available source code — 源代码公开的软件

open-weight

model weights you can download and run yourself — 可下载并自行运行的模型权重

OpenCart

open-source PHP e-commerce platform — 开源 PHP 电商平台

OPEX

operating expenses

opt-in

user must explicitly agree before you act or message them — 行动或发信前必须获得用户明确同意

orchestration

coordinating multiple services or workflow steps — 协调多个服务或流程步骤

orchestrator

component that coordinates steps/services

ORM

Object-Relational Mapping — 对象关系映射

out-of-stock

item unavailable for sale

overhead

extra cost beyond useful work

overlap

shared tokens between adjacent chunks

OWASP

Open Web Application Security Project — 开放式 Web 应用安全项目

P

PaaS

Platform as a Service — 平台即服务

page builder

visual editor that builds pages from blocks — 用区块可视化搭建页面的编辑器

PageSpeed

Google tools and scores for page load performance — 谷歌衡量页面加载速度的工具与分数

PageSpeed Insights

Google report with lab and field speed metrics for a URL — 谷歌针对某 URL 的实验室与真实用户速度报告

part-time

partial work capacity

payload

body/data of a request or message

PCI

Payment Card Industry — 支付卡行业

PCI DSS

Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard — 支付卡行业数据安全标准

PEFT

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning — 参数高效微调

pgvector

PostgreSQL extension for vector search — PostgreSQL 的向量搜索扩展

PHI

Protected Health Information — 受保护的健康信息

PHP-FPM

PHP FastCGI Process Manager for serving PHP apps — 用于运行 PHP 应用的 FastCGI 进程管理器

PII

Personally Identifiable Information — 个人身份信息

pillar page

hub page that covers a topic and links to related posts — 覆盖主题并链向相关文章的中心页

pillar pages

hub pages that cover topics and link to related posts — 覆盖主题并链向相关文章的中心页

Pinecone

managed vector database for similarity search — 托管型向量相似度检索数据库

pipeline

sequence of processing stages

PKI

Public Key Infrastructure — 公钥基础设施

plugin

installable extension module

POC

Proof of Concept — 快速验证想法是否可行

PoC

proof of concept / pilot

polling

periodically asking for updates

Polylang

WordPress plugin for multilingual content — 面向多语言内容的 WordPress 插件

POS

Point of Sale — 销售点

PPC

Pay Per Click — 按点击付费

pre-render

generate HTML ahead of the user request — 在用户请求之前预先生成 HTML

pre-training

large-scale training of a model before task fine-tuning — 在任务微调之前的大规模预训练

price-performance

value relative to cost and speed

production

live environment serving real users — 服务真实用户的生产环境

prompt caching

reuse of a cached prompt prefix to cut cost and latency — 复用已缓存的提示前缀以降低成本与延迟

prompt engineering

crafting instructions so the model answers reliably — 编写提示词使模型稳定可靠地回答

prompt injection

attack that manipulates model behavior via input — 通过输入操纵模型行为的攻击

proof-of-concept

small pilot to prove feasibility

PWA

Progressive Web App — 渐进式 Web 应用

Q

Qdrant

vector database for similarity search — 用于相似度检索的向量数据库

QLoRA

Quantized Low-Rank Adaptation — 量化低秩适配

query expansion

broaden a query to improve recall

queue mode

execution via a background job queue

R

RAG

Retrieval-Augmented Generation — 检索增强生成

RAID

Redundant Array of Independent Disks — 独立磁盘冗余阵列

rate limit

cap on how many requests are allowed per time window — 单位时间内允许的请求上限

rate limiting

enforcing a cap on requests per time window — 强制限制单位时间内的请求数

RBAC

Role-Based Access Control — 基于角色的访问控制

RCE

Remote Code Execution — 远程代码执行

RDS

Relational Database Service — 关系型数据库服务

real-time

processed with minimal delay

regression

bug where a previously working feature breaks again — 原先正常的功能再次坏掉

rerank

reorder search results by relevance — 按相关性重排搜索结果

reranker

model that reorders search hits by relevance — 按相关性重排搜索结果的模型

reranking

reordering search results by relevance — 按相关性重排搜索结果

REST

Representational State Transfer — 表述性状态转移

REST API

HTTP API that exposes resources via URLs and verbs — 通过 URL 与 HTTP 方法暴露资源的接口

restore

recover data from backup/snapshot

retainer

fixed monthly fee for ongoing support — 按月固定支付的持续维护费

retention

keeping users/customers over time

retrieval

finding relevant context before generation — 生成前先检索相关上下文

retry

automatic repeat of a failed request or job — 失败请求或任务的自动重试

reverse proxy

front server that routes requests to backends — 把请求转发到后端的前置服务器

RFM

Recency, Frequency, Monetary — 最近消费、频率、金额分析

Reinforcement Learning — 强化学习

RLHF

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback — 基于人类反馈的强化学习

roadmap

planned product timeline

ROI

Return on Investment — 投资回报率

rollback

revert to a previous working version after a failed change — 变更失败后回退到先前可用版本

ROMI

Return on Marketing Investment — 营销投资回报率

router

routes requests or dialog turns

RPA

Robotic Process Automation — 机器人流程自动化

RPO

Recovery Point Objective — 恢复点目标

RSS

Really Simple Syndication — 简易信息聚合

RTO

Recovery Time Objective — 恢复时间目标

runbook

step-by-step playbook for incidents and operations — 事故与运维的逐步操作手册

S

SaaS

Software as a Service — 软件即服务

sales hub

sales CRM hub/module

sales ops

operations that support the sales process

Salesforce

enterprise CRM cloud platform — 面向企业的云 CRM 平台

SAML

Security Assertion Markup Language — 安全断言标记语言

sandbox

isolated environment for safe experiments and tests — 用于安全试验的隔离环境

SAST

Static Application Security Testing — 静态应用安全测试

SBOM

Software Bill of Materials — 软件物料清单

SCA

Software Composition Analysis — 软件成分分析

scheduler

component that schedules jobs

SCIM

System for Cross-domain Identity Management — 跨域身份管理系统

SDK

Software Development Kit — 软件开发工具包

self-host

run software on your own servers — 在自有服务器上运行软件

self-hosted

software you run on your own servers — 部署在自有服务器上的软件

self-hosting

running software on your own servers — 在自有服务器上运行软件

SEM

Search Engine Marketing — 搜索引擎营销

semantic search

search by meaning, not exact keyword match — 按语义检索，而非精确关键词匹配

semver

versioning as MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH for compatibility signals — 用 MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH 表达兼容性的版本规则

Sentry

error monitoring and performance tracing for apps — 应用错误监控与性能追踪

SEO

Search Engine Optimization — 搜索引擎优化

SERP

Search Engine Results Page — 搜索引擎结果页

server-side

logic that runs on the server, not in the browser — 在服务器而非浏览器中运行的逻辑

shadow mode

run a new path in parallel without affecting live answers — 新路径并行运行但不影响线上结果

sharding

splitting data across shards

SIEM

Security Information and Event Management — 安全信息与事件管理

SKU

Stock Keeping Unit — 库存单位

SLA

Service Level Agreement — 服务等级协议

SLI

Service Level Indicator — 服务级别指标

SLO

Service Level Objective — 服务级别目标

SMB

Small and Medium Business — 中小企业

SMS

Short Message Service — 手机短信服务

SMTP

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol — 简单邮件传输协议

snapshot

point-in-time copy of state

SOC

Security Operations Center — 安全运营中心

SOP

Standard Operating Procedure — 标准作业程序

SPA

Single Page Application — 单页应用

SPF

Sender Policy Framework — 发件人策略框架

SQLi

SQL Injection — SQL 注入攻击

SSE

Server-Sent Events — 服务器通过 HTTP 向浏览器单向推送事件的流

SSG

Static Site Generation — 在构建时生成静态 HTML 页面

SSH

Secure Shell — 安全外壳协议

SSL

Secure Sockets Layer — 安全套接层

SSO

Single Sign-On — 单点登录

SSR

Server-Side Rendering — 服务端渲染

stack trace

call stack dump shown when an error occurs — 出错时打印的调用栈

staging

pre-production environment for final checks — 上线前做最终检查的预发环境

stateful

keeps session or workflow state between requests — 在请求之间保留会话或流程状态

stateless

each request is handled without server-side session memory — 每次请求都不依赖服务端会话记忆

storefront

customer-facing shop UI

story points

relative effort estimate used in agile planning — 敏捷规划中的相对工作量估算单位

strangler

gradually replace a legacy system by routing traffic piece by piece — 把流量一块块切走，逐步替换遗留系统

strangler fig

gradually replace a legacy system by routing traffic piece by piece — 把流量一块块切走，逐步替换遗留系统

structured output

model response forced into a fixed schema (JSON etc.) — 强制按固定结构（如 JSON）输出的模型回答

STT

Speech To Text — 语音转文本

system prompt

hidden instructions that steer the model for a task — 引导模型行为的隐藏系统指令

T

T&M

time and materials billing

TCO

Total Cost of Ownership — 总拥有成本

tech debt

shortcuts in code that cost extra work later — 日后要多花成本偿还的代码捷径

technical debt

shortcuts in code that cost extra work later — 日后要多花成本偿还的代码捷径

template hierarchy

order WordPress resolves templates

tenant

isolated customer account in a shared platform — 共享平台上的隔离客户空间

thin content

pages with little unique value for users or search — 对用户或搜索几乎没有独特价值的页面

throughput

work completed per unit time

Tilda

block-based website and landing page builder — 面向网站与落地页的积木式建站工具

time-to-market

how fast a product reaches customers — 产品到达客户所需的时间

time-to-value

time until the customer gets real value

timeout

max wait before aborting

TLS

Transport Layer Security — 传输层安全

tokenizer

splits text into model tokens

tool calling

model invoking external tools or APIs — 模型调用外部工具或 API

top-k

keep only the k most likely next tokens when sampling — 采样时只保留概率最高的 k 个 token

TTFB

Time To First Byte — 首字节时间

TTS

Text To Speech — 文本转语音

U

UAT

User Acceptance Testing — 用户验收测试

User Interface — 用户界面

UI-kit

reusable set of UI components and styles — 可复用的界面组件与样式套件

unmanaged VPS

VPS where you fully manage the OS and stack yourself — 需自行管理操作系统与软件栈的 VPS

upsell

selling a higher-tier offer

uptime

share of time a service stays available — 服务保持可用的时间占比

USP

Unique Selling Proposition — 独特卖点

UTM

Urchin Tracking Module — 用于追踪广告来源的 URL 参数

User Experience — 用户体验

V

VDS

Virtual Dedicated Server — 虚拟独立服务器（类似 VPS）

vector db

database for similarity search over embeddings — 面向向量相似度检索的数据库

vector search

finding nearest neighbors in embedding space — 在向量空间中查找最近邻

vector store

database optimized for similarity search over embeddings — 面向向量相似度检索的数据库

vendor lock

hard to leave a vendor without costly rewrite — 离开供应商需昂贵重写的锁定

vendor lock-in

hard to leave a vendor without costly rewrite — 离开供应商需昂贵重写的锁定

vendor-lock

hard to leave a vendor without costly rewrite — 离开供应商需昂贵重写的锁定

VPC

Virtual Private Cloud — 虚拟私有云

VPN

Virtual Private Network — 虚拟专用网络

VPS

Virtual Private Server — 虚拟专用服务器

W

WAF

Web Application Firewall — Web 应用防火墙

Wagtail

Django CMS for editors and content teams — 面向编辑团队的 Django CMS

Webflow

visual website builder with hosting and CMS — 带托管与 CMS 的可视化建站工具

webhook

HTTP callback when an event happens — 事件发生时触发的 HTTP 回调

webhooks

HTTP callbacks when events happen — 事件发生时触发的 HTTP 回调

websocket

persistent bidirectional web connection

white-label

product rebranded under another brand

widget

embedded UI component

worker

background job processor

workflow automation

chaining steps and tools without manual handoffs — 无需人工交接地串联步骤与工具

WPML

WordPress plugin for multilingual sites — 面向多语言站点的 WordPress 插件

X

XDR

Extended Detection and Response — 扩展检测与响应

XSS

Cross-Site Scripting — 跨站脚本攻击

Y

Yoast SEO

WordPress plugin for on-page SEO checks and sitemaps — 面向页面 SEO 检查与站点地图的 WordPress 插件

Z

Zapier

SaaS that connects apps with no-code automations — 用无代码自动化连接应用的 SaaS

Zendesk

customer support and helpdesk platform — 客户支持与工单平台

Zero Block

Tilda freeform block editor for custom layouts — Tilda 中用于自定义版式的自由区块编辑器

zero-downtime

deploy/migrate without service outage

zero-shot

prompting without task-specific examples — 不提供任务示例的提示方式

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