AI & IT Terms Glossary — Rufat Nuriyev

A

ABAC

Attribute-Based Access Control

ABM

Account-Based Marketing

ACL

Access Control List

agentic

agent-like autonomous multi-step behavior

AHT

Average Handle Time

AJAX

Asynchronous JavaScript and XML

AOV

Average Order Value

API

Application Programming Interface

ARR

Annual Recurring Revenue

ASR

Automatic Speech Recognition

B

B2B

Business to Business

B2C

Business to Consumer

BI

Business Intelligence

BYOK

Bring Your Own Key

C

CAC

Customer Acquisition Cost

CAPEX

Capital Expenditure

CCPA

California Consumer Privacy Act

CDC

Change Data Capture

CDN

Content Delivery Network

CDP

Customer Data Platform

Celery

Python task queue for background jobs

CES

Customer Effort Score

chunking

splitting documents into retrieval-friendly pieces

CI/CD

Continuous Integration / Continuous Delivery

CLI

Command Line Interface

CLS

Cumulative Layout Shift

CMS

Content Management System

COGS

Cost of Goods Sold

containerization

packaging apps into portable containers

context window

maximum text a model can process at once

CPA

Cost Per Acquisition

CPC

Cost Per Click

CPM

Cost Per Mille

CPQ

Configure, Price, Quote

CRM

Customer Relationship Management

CRO

Conversion Rate Optimization

CSAT

Customer Satisfaction Score

CTA

Call To Action

CTR

Click-Through Rate

CV

Computer Vision

CVE

Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures

CVSS

Common Vulnerability Scoring System

CWV

Core Web Vitals

D

DAST

Dynamic Application Security Testing

DAU

Daily Active Users

DBMS

Database Management System

DDoS

Distributed Denial of Service

DevOps

Development and Operations

DIY

Do It Yourself

DKIM

DomainKeys Identified Mail

DL

Deep Learning

DMARC

Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting and Conformance

DMP

Data Management Platform

DNS

Domain Name System

DPA

Data Processing Agreement

DPIA

Data Protection Impact Assessment

DWH

Data Warehouse

E

EBITDA

Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization

EDI

Electronic Data Interchange

EDR

Endpoint Detection and Response

Eloquent

Laravel ORM for database access

embedding

numeric vector that captures text meaning

embeddings

numeric vectors that capture text meaning

EOL

End of Life

ERP

Enterprise Resource Planning

ESP

Email Service Provider

ETL

Extract, Transform, Load

F

FaaS

Function as a Service

FAQ

Frequently Asked Questions

FastAPI

modern Python framework for APIs

FCR

First Contact Resolution

few-shot

prompting with a few examples

Filament

Laravel admin panel builder

fine-tune

train a model further on domain data

fine-tuning

additional training of a model on domain data

FTE

Full-Time Equivalent

function calling

model returning structured calls to functions

G

GDPR

General Data Protection Regulation

GMV

Gross Merchandise Value

GPU

Graphics Processing Unit

GraphRAG

RAG that combines graph relations with vector search

GSC

Google Search Console

GUI

Graphical User Interface

H

HA

High Availability

HIPAA

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

HSTS

HTTP Strict Transport Security

HTTPS

HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure

human-in-the-loop

human approval before risky agent actions

I

IaaS

Infrastructure as a Service

IAM

Identity and Access Management

IDE

Integrated Development Environment

idempotency

repeating a request does not change the outcome again

idempotent

safe to repeat without duplicate side effects

IMAP

Internet Message Access Protocol

Inertia

bridge between Laravel backend and Vue/React frontend

inference

running a trained model to get predictions

INP

Interaction to Next Paint

IOPS

Input/Output Operations Per Second

IoT

Internet of Things

iPaaS

Integration Platform as a Service

IRR

Internal Rate of Return

J

JIT: Just In Time
JWT: JSON Web Token

K

KPI

Key Performance Indicator

L

LangChain

framework for building LLM applications

LangGraph

framework for stateful AI agent workflows

LB

Load Balancer

LCP

Largest Contentful Paint

Livewire

Laravel library for dynamic interfaces without SPA

LlamaIndex

framework for connecting LLMs to private data

LLM

Large Language Model

LoRA

Low-Rank Adaptation

LTV

Lifetime Value

M

MAP

Marketing Automation Platform

MAU

Monthly Active Users

MCP

Model Context Protocol

MDM

Master Data Management

MFA

Multi-Factor Authentication

middleware

code layer between request and business logic

ML

Machine Learning

MRR

Monthly Recurring Revenue

MSA

Master Service Agreement

multi-tenant

shared platform with isolated customer data per tenant

multitenancy

architecture where one app instance serves many isolated tenants

MVP

Minimum Viable Product

N

NDA

Non-Disclosure Agreement

NLG

Natural Language Generation

NLP

Natural Language Processing

NLU

Natural Language Understanding

NoSQL

Not Only SQL

NPS

Net Promoter Score

NPV

Net Present Value

O

OAuth

Open Authorization

observability

logs, metrics and traces to understand system behavior

OCR

Optical Character Recognition

OIDC

OpenID Connect

OKR

Objectives and Key Results

OLA

Operational Level Agreement

OLAP

Online Analytical Processing

OLTP

Online Transaction Processing

OPEX

Operating Expenditure

orchestration

coordinating multiple services or workflow steps

ORM

Object-Relational Mapping

OWASP

Open Web Application Security Project

P

PaaS

Platform as a Service

PCI

Payment Card Industry

PEFT

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning

pgvector

PostgreSQL extension for vector search

PHI

Protected Health Information

PII

Personally Identifiable Information

PKI

Public Key Infrastructure

POS

Point of Sale

PPC

Pay Per Click

prompt injection

attack that manipulates model behavior via input

PWA

Progressive Web App

Q

QLoRA

Quantized Low-Rank Adaptation

R

RAG

Retrieval-Augmented Generation

RAID

Redundant Array of Independent Disks

RBAC

Role-Based Access Control

RDS

Relational Database Service

rerank

reorder search results by relevance

reranking

reordering search results by relevance

REST

Representational State Transfer

retrieval

finding relevant context before generation

RFM

Recency, Frequency, Monetary

RL

Reinforcement Learning

RLHF

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback

ROI

Return on Investment

RPA

Robotic Process Automation

RPO

Recovery Point Objective

RSS

Really Simple Syndication

RTO

Recovery Time Objective

S

SaaS

Software as a Service

SAML

Security Assertion Markup Language

SAST

Static Application Security Testing

SBOM

Software Bill of Materials

SCA

Software Composition Analysis

SCIM

System for Cross-domain Identity Management

SDK

Software Development Kit

SEM

Search Engine Marketing

SEO

Search Engine Optimization

SERP

Search Engine Results Page

SIEM

Security Information and Event Management

SKU

Stock Keeping Unit

SLA

Service Level Agreement

SLI

Service Level Indicator

SLO

Service Level Objective

SMB

Small and Medium Business

SMTP

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

SOC

Security Operations Center

SOP

Standard Operating Procedure

SPA

Single Page Application

SPF

Sender Policy Framework

SSH

Secure Shell

SSL

Secure Sockets Layer

SSO

Single Sign-On

SSR

Server-Side Rendering

STT

Speech To Text

T

TCO

Total Cost of Ownership

tenant

isolated customer account in a shared platform

TLS

Transport Layer Security

tool calling

model invoking external tools or APIs

TTFB

Time To First Byte

TTS

Text To Speech

U

UAT

User Acceptance Testing

UI

User Interface

USP

Unique Selling Proposition

UX

User Experience

V

VPC

Virtual Private Cloud

VPS

Virtual Private Server

W

WAF

Web Application Firewall

Wagtail

Django CMS for editors and content teams

webhook

HTTP callback when an event happens

webhooks

HTTP callbacks when events happen

X

XDR: Extended Detection and Response

Z

zero-shot: prompting without task-specific examples

Glossary

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B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

X

Z

Contacts